Flash Points
Themed journeys through our archive.

Is Nonalignment Such a Big Deal?

Here’s what neutrality means in the 21st century.

nonalignment-george-wylesol-illustration-site
nonalignment-george-wylesol-illustration-site
George Wylesol illustration for Foreign Policy

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, there has been a lot of talk about the return of nonalignment, particularly as countries in the global south have resisted taking sides. But what does nonalignment really mean in the 21st century—and how might it shape global politics? The essays below explore the nonaligned stance of countries such as Brazil and South Africa and question whether key nations insisting on neutrality can really usher in a new, post-Western global order.—Chloe Hadavas

Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, there has been a lot of talk about the return of nonalignment, particularly as countries in the global south have resisted taking sides. But what does nonalignment really mean in the 21st century—and how might it shape global politics? The essays below explore the nonaligned stance of countries such as Brazil and South Africa and question whether key nations insisting on neutrality can really usher in a new, post-Western global order.—Chloe Hadavas


Modi stands alone in front of carpeted steps looking thoughtfully toward flags of India and Japan.
Modi stands alone in front of carpeted steps looking thoughtfully toward flags of India and Japan.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi waits for the arrival of Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida at the Hyderabad House in New Delhi on March 19.JEWEL SAMAD/AFP via Getty Images

A New Cold War May Call for a Return to Nonalignment

A growing number of countries want to avoid getting stuck in a great-power tussle—again, Shivshankar Menon writes.


Russian President Vladimir Putin greets South African President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi, Russia.
Russian President Vladimir Putin greets South African President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi, Russia.

Russian President Vladimir Putin greets South African President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi, Russia, on Oct. 23, 2019. Mikhail Svetlov/Getty Images

South Africa’s Nonsensical Nonalignment

The ANC has forgotten that the outside world’s principled rejection of neutrality sustained the struggle against apartheid, Eusebius McKaiser writes.


Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva attends the welcome session at the Portuguese Parliament in Lisbon.
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva attends the welcome session at the Portuguese Parliament in Lisbon.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva attends the welcome session at the Portuguese Parliament in Lisbon on April 25. Patricia de Melo Moreira/AFP via Getty Images

How to Understand Brazil’s Ukraine Policy

Like it or not, Lula’s stance reflects legitimate misgivings about the global order, Oliver Stuenkel writes.


A woman demonstrates in front of the Russian Embassy in Buenos Aires.
A woman demonstrates in front of the Russian Embassy in Buenos Aires.

A woman demonstrates in front of the Russian Embassy in Buenos Aires on Feb. 24, the first anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.LUIS ROBAYO/AFP via Getty Images

Why Latin America Will Stay Nonaligned

The bloc’s consensus on Russia’s war in Ukraine is being put to the test, Jacob Sugarman writes.


Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi welcomes Cuban leader Fidel Castro to the Summit of Non-Aligned Countries in New Delhi on March 5, 1983.
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi welcomes Cuban leader Fidel Castro to the Summit of Non-Aligned Countries in New Delhi on March 5, 1983.

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi welcomes Cuban leader Fidel Castro to the Summit of Non-Aligned Countries in New Delhi on March 5, 1983. Alain Nogues/Sygma via Getty Images

Why Nonalignment Is Dead and Won’t Return

An old ideology rears its head but offers little for the present age, C. Raja Mohan writes.

Join the Conversation

Commenting on this and other recent articles is just one benefit of a Foreign Policy subscription.

Already a subscriber? .

Join the Conversation

Join the conversation on this and other recent Foreign Policy articles when you subscribe now.

Not your account?

Join the Conversation

Please follow our comment guidelines, stay on topic, and be civil, courteous, and respectful of others’ beliefs.

You are commenting as .

More from Foreign Policy

US President Joe Biden and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman arrive for the family photo during the Jeddah Security and Development Summit (GCC+3) at a hotel in Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coastal city of Jeddah on July 16, 2022.
US President Joe Biden and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman arrive for the family photo during the Jeddah Security and Development Summit (GCC+3) at a hotel in Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coastal city of Jeddah on July 16, 2022.

Saudi Arabia Is on the Way to Becoming the Next Egypt

Washington is brokering a diplomatic deal that could deeply distort its relationship with Riyadh.

Police try to block students and faculty members from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Roosevelt University, and Columbia College Chicago amid a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Chicago, on April 26.
Police try to block students and faculty members from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Roosevelt University, and Columbia College Chicago amid a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Chicago, on April 26.

What America’s Palestine Protesters Should and Shouldn’t Do

A how-to guide for university students from a sympathetic observer.

U.S. President Joe Biden and China's President Xi Jinping, both wearing dark suits, are seen from behind as they walk through a large wooden doorway. Biden reaches out to pat a hand on Xi's back. Small trees flank the entrance.
U.S. President Joe Biden and China's President Xi Jinping, both wearing dark suits, are seen from behind as they walk through a large wooden doorway. Biden reaches out to pat a hand on Xi's back. Small trees flank the entrance.

No, This Is Not a Cold War—Yet

Why are China hawks exaggerating the threat from Beijing?

U.S. President Joe Biden speaks about the situation in Kabul, Afghanistan from the East Room of the White House on August 26, 2021 in Washington.
U.S. President Joe Biden speaks about the situation in Kabul, Afghanistan from the East Room of the White House on August 26, 2021 in Washington.

The Original Sin of Biden’s Foreign Policy

All of the administration’s diplomatic weaknesses were already visible in the withdrawal from Afghanistan.